HOW A MAN OF GOD IN 1880s PUNJAB
INCITED THE END OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN 1970s PAKISTAN
AND MADE THEM CHANGE THEIR CONSTITUTION
“There should be no compulsion in religion...” Quran 2:257[1]
“...And do not say to anyone
who greets you with the greeting of peace, [i.e., salaam alaikum] ‘You are not a
believer.’...” Quran 4:95
Religious blasphemy laws can be a touchy subject,
especially in Pakistan, where just bringing up the subject of the blasphemy
laws and whether they are right or wrong is considered to be, well… blasphemous.
This wasn’t always the case.
The well-intentioned concept and motives of most blasphemy
laws are easy to understand. No person or group should be free to insult
another religion’s beliefs or holy personages, or desecrate their Holy Scriptures,
icons or places of worship. The Golden Rule is the foundation of many freedoms –
from speech to the press to privacy – with the right to freely choose and
practice one’s religion, without fear of insult or attack, usually at or near
the top of the list for most people, even those who are not religious. As Jesus
(peace be upon him) said: “Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.” Article
18 of the UN’s 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights[2] states,
with regard to a per son’s beliefs, that:
“Everyone has the right to
freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to
change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with
others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in
teaching, practice, worship and observance.”
Most blasphemy laws are formulated with that sentiment in
mind. They operate on the premise that offensive speech or actions designed to
hurt someone’s feelings or provoke physical harm are usually directed at
members of one religion by the members of another, separate religion; Muslims
against Hindus or Christians against Jews, for example. But religious
persecution can and frequently does occur between denominations within the same
faith; Catholics against Protestants, or Sunni Muslims against Shia Muslims.
It is, in fact, this element of sectarian animosity and
persecution that can turn blasphemy laws into a double-edged sword used to cut
the throats of the very people they were intended to protect. This is exactly
what is happening – and has been happening for nearly thirty years – in
Pakistan, where accusations by Sunni Muslims of desecrating the Quran or
uttering blasphemy against the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)
are routinely used to jail business rivals or personal enemies or members of
minority sects like the Shias and the Ahmadis or members of other religions
whose homes or business are coveted by blasphemy accusers.
“Proof” of Quran desecration is often only eyewitness
testimony or is found to have been done by the accuser to prove their charge.
In the matter of “proof” of uttering blasphemy against the Prophet Muhammad
(pbuh), no evidence is presented because to do so would require repeating the
blasphemous remark, thus prompting another blasphemy charge, ad infinitum. This puts the power to
accuse in the hands of anyone with a score to settle or hatred against a member
of another sect of Islam or another religion, leaving the accused with no way
to defend themselves. Lawyers are hesitant to take the side of those accused of
blasphemy because it implies support for them, which could mean losing business
-- or worse, your life.
And in fact, lawyers are rarely needed anyway, because
just the accusation of Quran desecration or insult to Islam or Prophet Muhammad
(pbuh) is enough to generate a mullah-led flash mob of angry Muslims intent on beating
or killing the accused. Even police protection in jail isn’t really protection because
those accused of blasphemy are almost guaranteed to be brutally assaulted,
raped (if they are women) or murdered in jail by the police or other inmates. As
a result of what they know is coming if they are accused of blasphemy, most
victims go into hiding or flee their homes or the country itself, if they can
afford to. These last are indeed the lucky few.
Because of this sad state of affairs, Pakistan today has a
reputation as one of the most dangerous and religiously intolerant places on
earth. And what many people in the West do not appreciate or even understand is
that the inferno of religious violence and bigotry that is tearing Pakistan
apart is being stoked not just by the anti-Western, Jihadist agendas of
Al-Qaida and the Taliban, but by the tacit approval – via legislative and Constitutional
sanctions – of the government.
This began in 1974 under democratically-elected president
Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, who endorsed and signed an amendment to Pakistan’s Constitution
which declared that Ahmadi Muslims were non-Muslims.[3] Here
are the amended and added sections of the Constitution pertaining to Ahmadis.[4]
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CONSTITUTION (SECOND AMENDMENT) ACT OF 1974
[ Declaring AHMADI MUSLIMS to be “NON-MUSLIMS” ]
[ Declaring AHMADI MUSLIMS to be “NON-MUSLIMS” ]
An Act to amend the Constitution of the Islamic
Republic of Pakistan . . . is hereby enacted:
1. (1)
This Act may be called the Constitution (Second Amendment) Act, 1974
(2)
It shall come into force at once.
2. AMENDMENT
OF ARTICLE 106 OF THE CONSTITUTION.
In the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan . . . in Article 106, in clause (3), after the word “communities” [ i.e., those declared non-Muslim ], the words and brackets “and persons of the Qadiani group or the Lahori group (who call themselves ‘Ahmadis’)” shall be inserted. [ bold emphasis mine. ]
In the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan . . . in Article 106, in clause (3), after the word “communities” [ i.e., those declared non-Muslim ], the words and brackets “and persons of the Qadiani group or the Lahori group (who call themselves ‘Ahmadis’)” shall be inserted. [ bold emphasis mine. ]
3. AMENDMENT
OF ARTICLE 260 OF THE CONSTITUTION.
. . . after clause (2), the following new clause shall be added, namely:
. . . after clause (2), the following new clause shall be added, namely:
“(3)
A person who does not believe in the absolute and unqualified finality of the
Prophethood of Muhammad (peace be upon him) as the last of the Prophets or
claims to be a Prophet, in any sense of the word or of any description
whatsoever, after Muhammad (peace be upon him), or recognizes such a claimant
as a Prophet or a religious reformer, is not a Muslim for the purposes of the
Constitution or law.”
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It is vital to understand that Clause (3) of Article 260
was written specifically to legislatively nullify and deny the claims of Mirza
Ghulam Ahmad (1835-1908). He founded the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community in 1889 in
Qadian, India, for the purpose of bringing people back to God and restoring
Islam to its original purity and spiritual vitality. Ahmad proclaimed that God had
appointed him the Imam Mahdi and Promised Messiah[5] whose
advent was foretold in the Holy Quran[6]
and in the Hadith[7] (recorded
sayings) of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). What particularly incensed Muslims of
his day (and to this day) was that he forbade the Jihad of the sword (to
convert people to Islam or wage offensive wars[8]),
replacing it instead with the Jihad of the pen.[9]
To that end, he wrote more than 80 books in defense of
Islam, the Quran and Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) to remove the misconceptions and
corruptions that have disfigured Islam from its true form and beauty. His
writings and life have inspired tens of millions of Muslims (and non-Muslims
alike) to dedicate themselves to God and strive in the Greatest Jihad – to become
righteous, God-fearing and peaceful members of society and of his Community,
whose motto is: “Love for All – Hatred for None.” Despite intense, often
violent and deadly persecution by other Muslims, the number of Ahmadis in the
world continues to increase on a daily basis.
Ahmadiyyat Islam is the only unified body of Muslims in
the world – unified under the divinely-supported system of the world’s only
spiritual Khalifate, which has continued in an uninterrupted chain of
successors (Khalifas) from the time of the demise of the Promised Messiah in
1908 up until the current, 5th Khalifa, Mirza Masroor Ahmad.[10] With
all this going for it, you would Muslims would flock to join Ahmadiyyat, but no
– most reject it and consider the founder an apostate and his followers
“wajibul qatl” – an Arabic slogan referring to Ahmadis which means ”Deserving
of death.” This expression calling for the murder of Ahmadis is a common sight in
Pakistan on government buildings and courthouses, in storefront windows, on banners
and signs, in newspapers and magazines, and on religious TV shows hosted by
popular clerics like Amir Liaqat. The question that most non-Muslims would ask
is: why all this hatred against Mirza Ghulam Ahmad and the Ahmadis? The answer
has to do with what Muslims expect from the Imam Mahdi.
Prior to the 20th century, Sunni Muslims
expected that the Imam Mahdi (lit., divinely-Guided
spiritual leader) would be raised by God sometime during the mid-to-late 19th
century (the beginning of the Muslim 14th century). This corresponded
with expectations[11] by
several newly-born Christian sects of the imminent Second Coming of Jesus
(pbuh) during this same period. Ahmadi Muslims are the only Muslims who believe
that both events – the advent of the Imam Mahdi and the Second Coming of Jesus
(pbuh) – manifested as prophesized in Islam and Christianity in the person of
Mirza Ghulam Ahmad. All other Muslims believe that Jesus (pbuh) was taken
bodily alive to heaven before the crucifixion (someone else was made to look
like Jesus and crucified instead) and that Jesus will bodily descend from
heaven to the earth after the appearance of the Imam Mahdi.[12]
Generally speaking, what will follow after that won’t be
peace and love, but war and bloodshed – the “Bloody Imam” concept – to restore
the worldly power and material glory of Islam through the conquest and
destruction of its enemies (the Christians and Jews, primarily. This is what
drove Osama bin Laden and motivates like-minded Jihadists today.)
The Imam Mahdi is also supposed to abolish war (an easy
thing once all your enemies are forcibly converted or killed for refusing), and
hand out limitless treasures to all Muslims. But wait, there’s more! The Imam
Mahdi is also supposed to travel the earth breaking – literally – every cross
on every church or around the neck of every Christian. And if that wasn’t
enough, he’s also going to kill all the pigs. (One wonders when he’ll have time
to sleep, what with all that killing of pigs and disbelievers, cross-breaking
and distribution of loot.)
Ahmad’s mission was decidedly non-violent and definitely more
spiritual and metaphorical. The treasures he dispensed were the true teachings
of Islam. The pigs he killed were the un-Islamic habits and low desires from
which Muslims and millions of others suffer. The crosses that he broke were the
doctrines of Trinity and the belief that Jesus was God in the flesh and/or the
literal Son of God who came to die on the cross for our sins.[13]
The cardinal difference between Ahmadi Muslims and
non-Ahmadi Muslims with regard to Jesus (pbuh) is that non-Ahmadis believe he
was never put on the cross at all but was taken up alive to heaven. Ahmadis,
however, believe Jesus was put on the cross, but he just didn’t die on it. He survived
the ordeal to fulfill the “Sign of Jonah”[14]
and was taken down alive but unconscious. He was treated for his wounds and eventually
completed his mission as stated in Matt.15:24 to “gather the Lost Sheep of the
House of Israel.”
In his landmark 1899 book “Jesus in India”[15]
Mirza Ghulam Ahmad demonstrated conclusively that Jesus traveled to India and
the Near East to find and preach to the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel, and that he
died at a very old age in Kashmir and is buried in a Jewish-style tomb in the
city of Srinagar.[16]
As the Imam Mahdi and Promised Messiah, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad
was given the duties and capacity of a non-Law-(Shariah)-bearing, follower
prophet who was completely subordinate to the final Law-bearing Master Prophet
Muhammad (pbuh). In this Age, Ahmad was the greatest lover of the Holy Prophet
(pbuh), the greatest expounder of the deep, spiritual truths of the Holy Quran,
and the greatest champion in the defense of Islam against its harshest critics
and vilest detractors. You can see why the extremist Muslim clerics and their
followers – more often than not the rank-and-file average citizens of Pakistan –
have always been so opposed to Mirza Ghulam Ahmad and his followers: it’s
quintessentially why the mullahs pushed so hard to change the Constitution of
Pakistan to outlaw the teachings of Ahmadiyyat and criminalize the practice of
Islam by Ahmadis. Peace, tolerance and non-violence are dangerous things –
especially to those who are opposed to them and who use their religion to
defend their un-Islamic ideas and barbaric actions.
Thus, Clause (3) of Article 260 defines as “non-Muslim”
anyone who makes any claims to be a prophet or reformer after Prophet Muhammad
(pbuh). This effectively declares anyone
who ever claims to be the Imam Mahdi – who by definition must be a Muslim – is not a Muslim, along with all those who
believe in and follow him.
The idiocy of this is matched only by its irony: all
Muslims, Sunni and Shia alike, believe in the eventual appearance of the Imam
Mahdi who (as his title denotes) will be guided by God and thus, by all rational
definitions, will have to be a prophet of God and a Muslim. But when you apply
the criteria enshrined in the Constitution’s Second Amendment and the blasphemy
laws in Ordinance XX, the very person they believe must come to save Islam –
the Imam Mahdi – won’t be a Muslim because he will be coming after the time of
the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). But Muslims still believe the Imam Mahdi must
come. Just not in Pakistan. Nope, sorry, can’t happen there because Pakistan’s
Constitution and penal codes forbid it. No prophet can come after Prophet
Muhammad (pbuh), which also applies to Jesus (pbuh) by the way.
According to the Quran and the Bible, Jesus (pbuh) was a
prophet and the Messiah sent to the Israelites[17] –
titles that can’t be stripped away by anyone – and since all Muslims (except
Ahmadis) believe that the same Jesus who ascended physically to heaven 2,000
years ago will return in the latter days, so the question is: what would happen
to him if he descended to earth in Pakistan? I answered that in an article
entitled: “What if Jesus were to visit Pakistan?”[18] The
inherent injustices created by Pakistan’s blasphemy laws are laid bare by just
one idea, which is central to our understanding and protection of the basic
human right to freedom of religion and conscience. I wrote: “This [blasphemy] law is unjust on more than
just legal grounds because no political assembly has any religious authority or
right to interfere with anyone's chosen religious beliefs.” What is sadly ironic – tragic, really – is
that in August of 1947, the founder and first President of Pakistan, Muhammad
Ali Jinnah, echoed this in his famous statement promising complete religious
freedom for all in the newly-created country of Pakistan. He declared:
“You are free; you are free
to go to your temples. You are free to go to your mosques or to any other
places of worship in this State of Pakistan. You may belong to any religion,
caste or creed – that has nothing to do with the business of the State.”[19]
Fast-forward a quarter century to the time of the
Constitutional amendment declaring Ahmadis non-Muslims and one can easily see
how ethically bankrupt and blinded by religious fanaticism the lawmakers of
Pakistan had become. And to take things to even higher levels of absurdity and
moral insanity, this official government disenfranchisement of Ahmadis of their
God-given right to profess to be Muslim and freely practice their faith of
Islam was later criminalized in 1984 under Dictator Gen. Zia ul-Haq’s infamous
Ordinance XX. This addition and modification to the pre-existing British
colonial rule-era blasphemy laws of 1860 and 1898 was largely instigated by the
same Muslim clerics and political leaders (and their followers) who had
demanded only a decade earlier that Ahmadis be declared non-Muslims by the government.
To put the bite of law into that 1974 Constitutional amendment,
Ordinance XX not only specified by name as its target anyone calling themselves
Ahmadi, but it increased the severity of the penalties for acts or statements
deemed offensive to Muslims or directed against Islam, the Quran or the Prophet
Muhammad (pbuh). These harsher penalties included life in prison for defacing
or destroying the Quran, and a death sentence for anyone convicted of
blaspheming the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh).
Listed below are the blasphemy laws that do not name
Ahmadis, but which are routinely brought to bear against Ahmadis, Shias,
Christians, Hindus, Sikhs and the members of other religious minorities in
Pakistan.
Pakistan's Criminal Codes
(PPCs) relating to blasphemy.
295 forbids damaging or defiling a place of worship or a sacred object.
295-A forbids outraging religious feelings.[20]
295-B forbids defiling the Quran.
295-C forbids defaming the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)
Here are the new penal codes, 298B & 298C,
specifically targeting Ahmadis, that were added to the blasphemy laws by
Ordinance XX:
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ORDINANCE NO. XX OF 1984
PART II – AMENDMENT OF THE
PAKISTAN PENAL CODE
3. Addition of new sections 298B and 298C, Act
XLV of 1860.
In the Pakistan Penal Code (Act XLV of 1860), in Chapter XV, after section 298A*, the following new sections shall be added, namely:
In the Pakistan Penal Code (Act XLV of 1860), in Chapter XV, after section 298A*, the following new sections shall be added, namely:
298B. Misuse of epithets,
descriptions and titles, etc., reserved for certain holy personages or places.
(1)
Any person of the Qadiani group or the Lahori group (who call themselves
‘Ahmadis’ or by any other name) who by words, either spoken or written, or by
visible representation;
[ Note:
(a) to (c) list Islamic
expressions of respect or blessing which Muslims use to refer to Prophet
Muhammad (pbuh), his successors (Caliphs), his companions (sahabis) and family
members; Ahmadis are forbidden to use these expressions because they would
other Muslims’ feelings and it would also mean Ahmadis were “posing” as Muslims.
]
(d)
refers to, or names, or calls, his place of worship as ‘Masjid’; shall be punished with imprisonment of either
description for a term which may extend to three years and shall also be liable
to fine.
(2)
Any person of the
Qadiani group or Lahori group (who call themselves Ahmadis or by any other
name) who by words, either spoken or written, or by visible representation,
refers to the mode or form of call to prayers followed by his faith as ‘Azan’
or recites Azan as used by the Muslims, shall be punished with
imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years,
and shall also be liable to fine.
(3)
298C.
Person of Qadiani group etc., calling himself a Muslim or preaching or
propagating his faith.
Any person of the Qadiani group or the Lahori group (who call themselves ‘Ahmadis’ or by any other name), who, directly or indirectly, poses himself as Muslim, or calls, or refers to, his faith as Islam, or preaches or propagates his faith, or invites others to accept his faith, by words, either spoken or written, or by visible representations, or in any manner whatsoever outrages the religious feelings of Muslims, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years and shall also be liable to fine.”
Any person of the Qadiani group or the Lahori group (who call themselves ‘Ahmadis’ or by any other name), who, directly or indirectly, poses himself as Muslim, or calls, or refers to, his faith as Islam, or preaches or propagates his faith, or invites others to accept his faith, by words, either spoken or written, or by visible representations, or in any manner whatsoever outrages the religious feelings of Muslims, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years and shall also be liable to fine.”
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Here is a brief summation of what life is life for Ahmadis
in Pakistan, directly due to their being singled-out in the blasphemy laws and
the Constitution:
Ahmadis may not say “Salaam alaikum,” the standard greetings given
between Muslims countless times a day. It is deemed offensive to non-Ahmadis. In
addition, they may not call the Azan (the call to prayer made five times a
day), nor perform the Islamic prayer in public, nor hold Islamic conventions or
gatherings (large or small) for their members in any public or private venue.
Ahmadis are forbidden from preaching their faith by word, in print
or by any other form of media. The government used to allow Ahmadis to publish
newspapers and magazines that were only distributed among themselves, but
complaints by mullahs have caused increased harassment of this activity as
well. Printing of Ahmadi books is also prohibited in Pakistan; as is access to
Ahmadi websites.
Ahmadis may not vote as Muslims. If they wish to register as
“Muslim” in order to vote, they must sign a statement declaring they consider
Mirza Ghulam Ahmad an apostate and a liar and a false prophet. No true Ahmadi
will do this.
Ahmadi mosques are often attacked, vandalized, burned, closed or
taken over by Sunnis with no arrests of the perpetrators by the police or help
from the police in preventing such attacks. In addition, the police are often
called on to remove from the outside of Ahmadi mosques the Kalima – the Arabic
declaration of Islamic faith (There is no
god but Allah; Muhammad is the messenger of Allah). This is almost always
being done by people who are themselves Muslims! The irony of this usually
escapes them completely. Oh, and Ahmadis are also forbidden to call their
places of worship “mosques” – again, it offends non-Ahmadi Muslims.
Ahmadi students are regular expelled from schools and colleges
because of their faith. The same goes for Ahmadis in state or government
positions, or in banking or in the military. Across all levels of society,
Ahmadis suffer discrimination. Even their marriages to each other are not
recognized as “valid” by the state. On a family level, people who convert from
Sunni Islam to Ahmadiyyat are often ostracized by their parents, siblings and
relatives -- some are even killed.
In order to obtain a passport or national ID, a person must sign a
statement like the one on the voter registration card which says they believe
that Mirza Ghulam Ahmad was an apostate, a liar and a false prophet. Again,
Ahmadis refuse to sign this, effectively preventing them from leaving Pakistan
to perform the hajj, or pilgrimage to Mecca, which is an obligation on all
Muslims at least once in their lifetime, if their health and finances permit.
And while the purpose of Ordinance XX was to destroy the
Ahmadiyya Community by jailing its leaders and members for publicly “posing” as
Muslims or for otherwise practicing or preaching their “heretical” version of
Islam, the larger consequence was that other Muslim minorities – Shias in
particular – and the members of other religions were now being re-illuminated
in the State-sanctioned spotlight of overall religious bigotry, persecution and
legalized vigilantism. The result has been a catastrophic rise in attacks by
Sunni Muslims against Shias and Ahmadis primarily, but also between various
Sunni denominations as well. In truth, no one is safe.
Equally disturbing is the escalating tide of attacks since
the mid-1980s by mainstream Sunni Muslims against Christians, Hindus, Sikhs and
other non-Muslims. A basic review of Pakistan’s history shows that prior to the
1974 amendment to the Constitution declaring Ahmadis non-Muslims and before the
1984 enactment of Ordinance XX, there were only sporadic eruptions of violence
against Ahmadis, Shias, Christians, Hindus and others.
Now, the situation is totally different. In its 2011
annual report, the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP) stated:
“There was a direct link between the rise of the Taliban and the
suppression and oppression of the minorities and of all those whose beliefs
differed with those of the extremists who dared to expose hatred and violence
in the name of religion. . . It is obvious that the mere charge of blasphemy,
however preposterous it may be, is now a conviction in itself.”
A cursory look at attacks against religious minorities from
July 2009 to March 2011 (about 18 months) illustrates the tragedy and
intolerance that reigns unchecked in Pakistan.
July 30th, 2009 - hundreds of members of
two banned radical Islamic groups descended on the Christian-populated town of
Gojra in the Punjab, torching about 60 houses – including a targeted
firebombing that killed a Christian family of 6 by trapping them in their home
and burning them alive.[21] A
7th member of the same family was earlier shot in the head by the
same attackers.
May 28th, 2010 - members of a Pakistani Taliban
group simultaneously attacked two Ahmadi mosques in Lahore -- using grenades,
suicide vests and AK-47s to indiscriminately murder 86 men and boys during
Friday Jumah Prayer -- only because they were Ahmadis. Several of the attackers
were eventually subdued and captured by the Ahmadis inside the mosques and
turned over to the police. The killers were later released without being
charged and promptly disappeared.
July 2010 - A trader in Faisalabad reported to police that an
employee had been given a Christian pamphlet containing disrespectful remarks
about Prophet Muhammad. According to police, the pamphlet appeared to have the
signatures and addresses of Christian Pastor Rashid Emmanuel and his brother
Sajid. The brothers were later shot and killed while leaving a district court.
Both had denied the charge of blasphemy.
November 2010 – A Christian mother of
5, Asia Bibi, was sentenced to death by hanging for
blasphemy; the case sparked international condemnation in the West. Punjab
Governor Salmaan Taseer criticized her arrest and death
sentence and visited her in jail to draw attention to her plight. He was
shot dead on Jan. 4th, 2011 by his own security guard for supporting Asia Bibi. Federal minorities minister Shahbaz
Bhatti, a Christian, also called for Asia Bibi’s release and criticized the
blasphemy laws, vowing to fight to end them. On March 2nd, less than two months
after the assassination of Salmaan Taseer, Shahbaz Bhatti was shot dead in
Islamabad on his way to work.
Similar statistics from a report by the U.S. Commission on
International Religious Freedom entitled “Pakistan: a history of violence”[22]
details just an 18-month period between Jan. 2012 and June 2013 that tells the
same story:
“The findings make the bloodletting in
Iraq and Afghanistan almost seem like child's play. Over the course of the
study, there were 203 separate acts of sectarian violence, injuring more than
1,800 people and claiming the lives over 700 men, women, and children. The
largest number of attacks was against Shi'a Muslims, followed by Ahmadis,
Christians, Hindus and Sikhs. The methods include suicide bombs, bombs in
markets and mosques, drive-by shootings, attacks on religious sites, torture,
beheadings, and mob violence.”
Another extremely comprehensive
and informative briefing entitled: “Pakistan: Religious freedom in the shadow
of extremism” has been compiled by the UK-based group Christian Solidarity
Worldwide. Their report examines religious persecution in Pakistan in 2011. You
can download it from their website: http://dynamic.csw.org.uk/article.asp?t=report&id=139
Now, as a direct result of these blasphemy laws, hardly a day
goes by without another shocking news story from Pakistan about Islamist
militants or Muslim vigilantes responsible for stonings, beheadings, attacks on
girls’ schools, the burning down of Christian churches and neighborhoods, and
the targeted shootings of religious minorities and people like Salmaan Taseer and
Shahbaz Bhatti who expressed sympathy or support for them.
The common denominator in all these atrocities and
violations of fundamental human rights is two-fold: one element stems from the breakdown
of the Rule of Law caused by lax, non-existent or selective enforcement of
civil and criminal laws. The other element, ironically, evolves from just the
opposite – the sanctioning by the very laws and Constitution of Pakistan of
vigilantism and religiously-motivated hate crimes. These two forces go
hand-in-hand, feeding off each other like a moral and social cancer genetically
engineered by Satan to inevitably and irreversibly consume Pakistan and all its
inhabitants in a spiritual and worldly Hell of its own design.
And while the mention of Satan is meant to impress upon
the reader the dire condition and consequences of religious intolerance in
Pakistan, it should in no way be seen as an excuse or diversion of responsibility
for that condition. The easy way out is always to blame “Satan” – some
anomalous evil entity pulling our behavioral strings from the depths of Hades –
when in reality the “satans” we need to deal with and conquer are very much
alive and whispering in the hearts and minds of human beings.
Pakistan’s
blasphemy laws and Constitutional amendment targeting Ahmadis targets everyone
who believes in freedom of religion and the end of religious intolerance. The
blasphemy laws also highlight the behavior of two distinct camps of Islam: the
Ahmadis, who have never once repaid the violence they suffer with violence from
their own hands; and those Muslims who either turn a blind eye and a deaf ear
to the evils borne of their infamous blasphemy laws, or those Muslims who
applaud such evils – or perpetrate them – as if the intolerance and inhumanity
inflicted upon the Ahmadis, Shias, Christians, Hindus and others were the sworn
duty and religious obligation of every “devout” Muslim.
If this state of religious intolerance and violence
continues unabated, without the collective body of Muslims in Pakistan (and
elsewhere) standing up and speaking out against the blasphemy laws and the evils
they produce, there is one certain outcome about which God, in the Holy Quran,
has repeatedly warned the persecutors of the faithful to beware of, and that is
God’s punishment, which will eventually encompass those who hinder others in
the Way of God, or who drive from their homes those who say “Our Lord is
Allah,” or who persecute others because of their faith – for in some ways persecution
is worse than killing – and for those who unjustly take life.
A paraphrase of the famous quote by Nazi-era German pastor
Martin Niemoeller[23]
is tragically applicable to the present climate of religious intolerance and
persecution in Pakistan:
“First they came for the
Ahmadis, but I did not speak up because I was not an Ahmadi… Then they came for
the Shias, but I did not speak up because I was not a Shia… Then they came for
the Hindus, but I did not speak up because I was not a Hindu… Then they came
for the Christians, but I did not speak up because I was not a Christian… When
they came for me, there was no one left to speak up.”
For Pakistanis especially, they need to stand up and speak
up and demand the repeal of the blasphemy laws. Mark my words: that is the only
way to prevent the ultimate punishment from descending by the Hand of God.
[1] Quran
verses are from the Ahmadiyya translation, which numbers the first sentence of
every chapter (except 9) which is called the “Bismillah” – it is a prayer and blessing in these words: “In the
name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful.” Chapter 9 does not contain the
Bismillah verse, but all other chapters of the Quran do. Non-Ahmadi Qurans do
not number the Bismillah in any chapter after the first (Al-Fatitha), so verse
numbers in these Qurans will be off by one except for chapters 1 and 9. Subtract
one from the verse numbers shown here to find the verse in a non-Ahmadi Quran
translation.
[4] Note: the term “Qadiani” and “Lahori”
are used to refer to two separate groups calling themselves Ahmadis. The
Qadiani group is the original Community founded by Mitza Ghulam Ahmad in 1889
in Qadian, India. The Lahori group is one that split-off from the original in
1914, six years after the death of the founder in 1908. They are called
“Lahoris” because they relocated to Lahore, India in 1914 (Lahore is now in
Pakistan, following the Partition of India in 1947 that created Pakistan as a
Muslim country). The present membership of the Qadian group numbers in the tens
of millions in over 200 countries, while the Lahore group numbers only in the tens
of thousands (most are in Pakistan), with only a handful of foreign missions or
mosques outside of Pakistan.
[6] Surah Al-Saff (ch.61), v.7 And call
to mind when Jesus, son of Mary, said, ‘O Children of Israel, surely, I am
Allah’s Messenger unto you, fulfilling that which is before me of the prophecies of the Torah, and
giving glad tidings of a Messenger who will come after me, his name being
Ahmad. . . [ see the commentary in
footnote 3037 here: http://www.alislam.org/quran/tafseer/?page=
1132®ion=EN&CR=E1,E2&CR=E1,E2 ]. Further explanation of this prophecy is in
Surah Al-Jumu’ah (ch.62), vv.62-63 which can be read with commentary here: http://www.alislam.org/quran/tafseer/?page=1136®ion=EN&CR=E1,E2&CR=E1,E2
[7] Sahih Bukhari Volume 6, Book 60, Number 420 - Narrated
Abu Huraira: While we were sitting with the Prophet, Surat Al-Jumu'ah was
revealed to him, and when the verse, "And He (Allah) has sent him
(Muhammad) also to other (Muslims).....' (62:3) was recited by the Prophet, I
said, "Who are they, O Allah's Apostle?" The Prophet did not reply until
I repeated my question thrice. At that time, Salman Al-Farsi (the Persian) was
with us. So Allah's Apostle put his hand on Salman, saying, "If the Faith
were to ascend to the Pleiades, even then some men or a man from these people (i.e.
Salman's countrymen) would find it." [ It is certainly an interesting
point to consider that Mirza Ghulam Ahmad was, in fact, Persian by descent and
not Indo-Aryan as are most residents of the Punjab where MGA was born and
raised; nor . ]
[8] Forcing
people to convert to Islam or being the aggressor in a war or act of hostility
is already clearly forbidden in the Quran in numerous places, but most Muslims
at the time of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad believed that these prohibitions were no
longer valid and that Muslims were free to use violence to coerce people to
accept Islam or to start wars. Ahmad came to correct these errors of belief and
he proved that no verses of the Quran were abrogated or invalid.
[9] He also
reminded Muslims of the saying of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) that a Muslim
must be loyal to the country he lives in, and that the Quran prohibits Muslims
from creating disorder (terrorism) in the land.
[11] Based on prophecies primarily in the
books of Daniel and Revelation, which resulted in the creation of numerous
“Second Coming” movements during the 19th century, the Russellites
and Millerites being the most famous.
[12] This
idea that Jesus (pbuh) will return after 2,000 years and join with the Imam
Mahdi in the End Times comes from a very literalist reading of Hadith, which
refer to the expected Promised Messiah as “Jesus, son of Mary.” But since the
Quran clearly states that whoever goes to heaven never leaves it, and no one is
ever taken up physically alive to heaven anyway – just their soul at the time
of death – there is no possibility of
Jesus or anyone else ever returning to earth. When prophets make mention of
their second coming or return, it is also understood to be through another
person, who will be raised up in the power and spirit of the earlier prophet.
Jesus (pbuh) explained this to his own disciples when he told them that John
the Baptist had come in the power and spirit of Elijah, the earlier Israelite
prophet the Jews were expecting to physically return from heaven before the
advent of the Jewish Messiah, the Christ (anointed one), Jesus (pbuh). So if
this is the “rule” governing second Comings, why on earth (no pun intended)
would Jesus then violate that rule and return physically as Elijah was
erroneously expected to return at the time of Jesus?
[13] 101 Questions about Christianity, as derived from the arguments of
Ahmad: http://www.alislam.org/library/links/00000040.html
[14] The Sign of Jonah and Jesus’
stated mission to seek out the Ten Lost Tribes of the Israelites are two of the
most intriguing and perplexing elements of the NT narratives about Christ
because they seem to contradict the doctrinal narratives that present Jesus’
purpose as being the sinless sacrifice destined from the beginning of time to
die on the cross for the sins of mankind. Detailed info about the Ten Lost
Tribes of Israel and the mission of Jesus is at this link: http://www.alislam.org/library/links/00000094.html
[15] Read the book “Jesus in India” online or in PDF form here: http://www.alislam.org/library/books/jesus-in-india/index.html
[17] Surah
Al-Saff (ch.61), v.7 in the Quran (see footnote 5 for link to commentary) where
Jesus (pbuh) said, ‘O
Children of Israel, surely, I am Allah’s Messenger unto you. . .“; and
in Matt.15:24 in the New Testament where Jesus (pbuh) states in his own words
what his mission is, declaring: “I have only come for the Lost Sheep of the
House of Israel. . .“
[19] Presidential
Address to the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan on 11th August, 1947.
[20] PPC
295-A is flagrantly abused by Sunnis to target Ahmadis, Shias, Christians,
Hindus and any others not belonging to the Sunni majority because there is no
way to measure the extent of an “outraged religious feeling.” Thus, almost
anything said about Islam or Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) in the heat of an argument
can be claimed by the victim to have hurt their religious sentiments. This constitutes
one of the most common methods of using the blasphemy laws as weapons to punish
one’s enemies.
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[ with Imam Shamshad; appeared in an edited form in the Nov./Dec. issue of the Seventh-Day Adventist publication Liberty Magazine under the title: "Pakistan's Blasphemy Laws: how an 1880s religious movement in the Punjab incited the end of religious freedom in 1970s Pakistan": pgs. 12-17. Online link http://www.libertymagazine.org/article/pakistans-blasphemy-laws ]